分类： 计算机科学 >> 自然语言理解与机器翻译 提交时间： 2023-11-01
摘要： Most research and applications on natural language still concentrate on its superficial features and structures. However, natural language is essentially a way of encoding information and knowledge. Thus, the focus should be on what is encoded and how it is encoded. In line with this, we suggest a database-based approach for natural language processing that emulates the encoding of information and knowledge to build models. Based on these models, 1) generating sentences becomes akin to reading data from the models (or databases) and encoding it following some rules; 2) understanding sentences involves decoding rules and a series of boolean operations on the databases; 3) learning can be accomplished by writing on the databases. Our method closely mirrors how the human brain processes information, offering excellent interpretability and expandability.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物生物化学、植物生物物理学 提交时间： 2016-05-04
Yashwant Kumar
Limin Zhang
Priyabrata Panigrahi
Bhushan B. Dholakia
Veena Dewangan
Sachin G. Chavan
Shrikant M. Kunjir
Xiangyu Wu
Ning Li
Pattuparambil R. Rajmohanan
Narendra Y. Kadoo
Ashok P. Giri
Huiru Tang
Vidya S. Gupta
摘要： Molecular changes elicited by plants in response to fungal attack and how this affects plantpathogen interaction, including susceptibility or resistance, remain elusive. We studied the dynamics in root metabolism during compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc), using quantitative label-free proteomics and NMR-based metabolomics. Results demonstrated differential expression of proteins and metabolites upon Foc inoculations in the resistant plants compared with the susceptible ones. Additionally, expression analysis of candidate genes supported the proteomic and metabolic variations in the chickpea roots upon Foc inoculation. In particular, we found that the resistant plants revealed significant increase in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism; generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lignification and phytoalexins. The levels of some of the pathogenesis-related proteins were significantly higher upon Foc inoculation in the resistant plant. Interestingly, results also exhibited the crucial role of altered Yang cycle, which contributed in different methylation reactions and unfolded protein response in the chickpea roots against Foc. Overall, the observed modulations in the metabolic flux as outcome of several orchestrated molecular events are determinant of plant's role in chickpeaFoc interactions.
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